新疆中藥特產資源---新疆中麻黃

　　新疆中麻黃

　　(本(ben)站編輯8tdc.com.cn)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)科(ke)植物草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)、木賊麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)或(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)莖(jing)，始見于(yu)《神(shen)農本(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)莖(jing)》。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)，維吾爾語為(wei)(wei)(wei)“克坎(kan)達”。新(xin)疆主要有(you)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)、木賊麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)，分(fen)布在烏魯木齊、吐魯番(fan)地(di)、克拉瑪依(yi)、伊犁、哈密和(he)(he)阿勒(le)泰等地(di)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)狀小(xiao)灌木，高30~70厘米(mi)，木質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)莖(jing)匍匐臥于(yu)土(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)莖(jing)直立，黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)，間(jian)結細長(chang)長(chang)2~6厘米(mi)，直徑(jing)1~2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)，鱗(lin)葉(xie)膜(mo)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，花成鱗(lin)球花序，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)于(yu)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)高地(di)、山(shan)岡、干(gan)(gan)枯河床(chuang)和(he)(he)山(shan)田中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，耐嚴寒和(he)(he)干(gan)(gan)旱。種子繁殖在8月至10月間(jian)，割取綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)枝(zhi)條，或(huo)連根(gen)拔起，去凈泥土(tu)和(he)(he)根(gen)部，曬干(gan)(gan)即可。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)，灌木，高約1米(mi)，莖(jing)枝(zhi)粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)莖(jing)對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)輪生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，節(jie)間(jian)長(chang)3~6厘米(mi)，直徑(jing)2~3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)，鱗(lin)葉(xie)膜(mo)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鞘狀。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)于(yu)多(duo)沙地(di)帶(dai)、沙漠或(huo)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)山(shan)地(di)。其藥材呈(cheng)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形。木賊麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)灌木，高70~100厘米(mi)，木直徑(jing)粗(cu)(cu)大樹立，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節(jie)間(jian)纖細而短，鱗(lin)葉(xie)膜(mo)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鞘狀，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)于(yu)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)山(shan)地(di)及山(shan)壁石(shi)縫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其藥材呈(cheng)細長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形，多(duo)分(fen)枝(zhi)，較草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)細，表面(mian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)和(he)(he)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)。三種麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)皆(jie)內心(xin)充實，味苦澀，性濕。含生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物堿(麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)堿、甲基麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)堿、偽麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)堿)、揮(hui)發油、樹脂和(he)(he)鞣質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等。具發汗解(jie)表、益(yi)肺平喘(chuan)、興奮中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樞神(shen)經、加快心(xin)跳、收縮(suo)末(mo)梢毛細血管、升(sheng)壓、抗過敏利尿等功(gong)能，是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)珍(zhen)品。(本(ben)文結束)