聯合國告訴您：出行日本的文化禮儀

　　聯合(he)國是當今世界(jie)最(zui)(zui)大、最(zui)(zui)重(zhong)要、最(zui)(zui)具代表(biao)性和權威(wei)性的(de)國際(ji)(ji)(ji)組織(zhi)，在(zai)促進(jin)世界(jie)各國經濟(ji)、科(ke)學、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)合(he)作(zuo)與交流方面，發(fa)揮著積極作(zuo)用。根據(ju)聯合(he)國“進(jin)行國際(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)作(zuo)，解(jie)決國際(ji)(ji)(ji)間經濟(ji)、社會、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)問題”的(de)宗旨，其(qi)相關機構會不定期發(fa)布前往特殊(shu)國家的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)注意事項(cultural tips)，方便致力于國際(ji)(ji)(ji)間經濟(ji)、社會、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)交流的(de)人員入鄉隨俗，充分(fen)尊重(zhong)目的(de)地人民的(de)習俗和感情。

　　對于出行日本的(de)公務和(he)民間人員，聯合國列出了最(zui)應注意的(de)14條(tiao)文化事項。

　　一般性文化注意事項（general cultural tips）

　　1. when entering a japanese home, it is customary to remove shoes and position them facing the door. follow your host's example.(進入日本人家(jia)中(zhong)時，習(xi)慣性的(de)做法是把鞋(xie)子(zi)脫掉，并將鞋(xie)尖向外、對著門口(kou)。具體可參考(kao)屋主的(de)做法。)

　　2.most japanese people avoid direct eye contact during conversations.(大部(bu)分日本人(ren)在(zai)溝通(tong)時(shi)都會避免雙方目光的直(zhi)接交流(liu)。)

　　3.if using chopsticks, avoid using them to point at someone and do not leave them sticking up in a bowl of rice.(使(shi)用(yong)筷(kuai)(kuai)子時(shi)，不(bu)要用(yong)筷(kuai)(kuai)子指人，也不(bu)要將(jiang)它們插在(zai)飯里。)

　　4.only ask people about their spouse or children if you are sure your conversational partner is married/has children. asking unmarried people about a spouse or childless people about children may embarrass a japanese person.(只有(you)在確定對方(fang)確實(shi)已婚(hun)(hun)或(huo)(huo)育子后，才(cai)能談及其配偶或(huo)(huo)孩(hai)子;對未婚(hun)(hun)或(huo)(huo)尚(shang)未生(sheng)子的日本人來說(shuo)，貿(mao)然談及此類話題，會造成尷尬。)

　　5.it is customary to bring chocolate, cookies or cakes when invited to a japanese home.purchasing them in a department store where they will be wrapped is recommended.(被邀請至日(ri)本人家(jia)做客時，禮貌上(shang)應(ying)該帶上(shang)巧克力、小(xiao)餅干或糕(gao)點等禮物，最好是在百貨公司購(gou)買(mai)并妥善包(bao)裝。)

　　6.the japanese do not usually open gifts when they are presented.(日本人(ren)在收(shou)到禮物時，一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)會(hui)當(dang)面拆開(kai)。)

　　商務文化注意事項（business cultural tips）

　　1.the japanese are accustomed to shaking hands upon greeting, though bowing is traditional and sometimes used as well. if your are bowed to, return the gesture by bowing either to the same depth or lower - the depth of your bow is indicative of the status relationship between you and your counterpart.(日本人(ren)(ren)已習慣(guan)用(yong)(yong)握手的(de)方式表示問候，但鞠(ju)躬仍作(zuo)為(wei)傳統禮節使用(yong)(yong)。如果有(you)人(ren)(ren)向(xiang)你(ni)鞠(ju)躬問候，你(ni)必須用(yong)(yong)同(tong)樣的(de)姿勢回鞠(ju)，深(shen)(shen)度應與對方相當或稍微深(shen)(shen)一些，因為(wei)鞠(ju)躬的(de)深(shen)(shen)淺(qian)代表著你(ni)和對方身份地位的(de)差別(bie)。)

　　2.consider using the honorific suffix san when addressing people when introduced: mr. or ms. yamada can be addressed as yamada-san.(在相互介紹時，一定(ding)要使用敬(jing)語后綴“san”。如(ru)，yamada先生或小姐，應該敬(jing)稱(cheng)為“yamada-san”。)

　　3.business cards are usually exchanged upon introductions. it is advisable to have yours printed in both english and japanese. use both hands to both present and receive cards. read the card carefully before putting it away.(初次見面通常需要(yao)互(hu)換名(ming)片，最好將名(ming)片上的信(xin)息用英文(wen)和日文(wen)同時(shi)(shi)表達。在交換名(ming)片時(shi)(shi)，須雙手傳遞，仔(zi)細(xi)閱(yue)讀名(ming)片信(xin)息后，再將其放下。)

　　4.make business appointments in advance and be punctual.(商務會面(mian)要提前預約(yue)并(bing)準時到達。)

　　5.entertainment is an important part of business arrangements and usually takes place after business hours at a bar or restaurant. although business may be discussed, these outings are primarily occasions for building friendships.(娛樂也(ye)是商(shang)務交往的(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分，通常(chang)在休息時(shi)間安(an)排去酒吧或飯館。雖(sui)然(ran)也(ye)會涉及(ji)商(shang)務內容，但這(zhe)種場(chang)合應以(yi)建立(li)雙方的(de)友(you)誼(yi)為主。)

　　6.business dress is formal and conservative. men should wear a suit and women should wear either a dress or a suit.(商務(wu)著(zhu)裝最好正式而保守。男士穿西服，女士著(zhu)套(tao)裙(qun)或套(tao)裝。)

　　7.business gifts are very important in japan. the gifts should always be wrapped and are often presented at first business meetings.(商務禮品(pin)在(zai)日本(ben)非常(chang)重要，通常(chang)包裝精美，并于第一(yi)次會面(mian)時呈上。)

　　8.be aware that the japanese try not to disagree openly. they may avoid saying "no" by giving an unenthusiastic "yes".(要(yao)知道，日(ri)本(ben)人是最不(bu)愿意(yi)公(gong)開表(biao)達不(bu)同(tong)意(yi)見(jian)的，他們通常使用冷淡(dan)的一個(ge)“是”來(lai)表(biao)示“不(bu)”。)