新疆畜及畜產品特產-焉耆馬

　　焉耆馬

　　(本(ben)站編輯(ji)8tdc.com.cn)焉耆馬(ma)，古時(shi)有“龍(long)駒”之稱，也是(shi)乘(cheng)挽兼用型(xing)為主(zhu)的(de)優良(liang)(liang)地(di)方良(liang)(liang)種。焉耆馬(ma)按地(di)域和(he)(he)(he)類型(xing)可分為尤爾都(dou)斯與和(he)(he)(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)兩型(xing)，主(zhu)要(yao)產于巴(ba)音郭楞(leng)蒙古族自治(zhi)州(zhou)的(de)和(he)(he)(he)靜(jing)、和(he)(he)(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、博湖、焉耆四縣(xian)(xian)。總(zong)數為10萬(wan)余匹。以和(he)(he)(he)靜(jing)、和(he)(he)(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、為中(zhong)心產區。尤爾都(dou)斯型(xing)馬(ma)主(zhu)要(yao)產于和(he)(he)(he)靜(jing)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)巴(ba)音郭楞(leng)草(cao)原。和(he)(he)(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)型(xing)馬(ma)產于和(he)(he)(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)灘地(di)，屬于半農半牧區。中(zhong)心產區海拔平均(jun)2200~2700米(mi)，氣候濕潤寒冷，降水集中(zhong)夏季，積雪期長達半年，絕對最低溫零下30℃~46℃，年平均(jun)氣溫8℃。草(cao)場(chang)類型(xing)為高寒草(cao)原草(cao)場(chang)和(he)(he)(he)山(shan)地(di)荒漠(mo)草(cao)原草(cao)場(chang)、山(shan)地(di)草(cao)原草(cao)場(chang)。

　　焉耆馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)是(shi)以當地馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)為基礎，摻入少量外來馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種的(de)血(xue)液，在(zai)(zai)當地自然條件(jian)下，經過長期的(de)生產實(shi)踐而逐(zhu)步培育形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)。焉耆馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)具有明顯的(de)乘(cheng)挽能(neng)力兼(jian)用體(ti)(ti)型(xing)結(jie)構勻稱，骨骼粗壯(zhuang)，體(ti)(ti)質結(jie)實(shi)，毛(mao)色以騮、栗、黑色為主，約占(zhan)70%以上。成(cheng)(cheng)年尤(you)爾都斯(si)(si)型(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)體(ti)(ti)高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)在(zai)(zai)，5米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)，體(ti)(ti)重平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)368公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin);母馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)1.4米(mi)(mi)，體(ti)(ti)重平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)在(zai)(zai)344公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。和碩(shuo)型(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)體(ti)(ti)高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)在(zai)(zai)1，49米(mi)(mi)，體(ti)(ti)重在(zai)(zai)367公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin);成(cheng)(cheng)年母馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)體(ti)(ti)高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)在(zai)(zai)1.38米(mi)(mi)，體(ti)(ti)重平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)在(zai)(zai)358公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。焉耆馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)是(shi)騎乘(cheng)的(de)好(hao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，經調(diao)教(jiao)后善走對側(ce)步，速度快而平(ping)(ping)(ping)穩，是(shi)有名的(de)走馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)。據測定(ding)，12歲(sui)的(de)和碩(shuo)型(xing)焉耆馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)在(zai)(zai)1000米(mi)(mi)的(de)距離(li)中，騎乘(cheng)速度達(da)1分(fen)(fen)23秒4‘;1600米(mi)(mi)是(shi)2分(fen)(fen)23秒9;3200米(mi)(mi)是(shi)5分(fen)(fen)32秒2;4800米(mi)(mi)是(shi)8分(fen)(fen)23秒;尤(you)爾都斯(si)(si)型(xing)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)最佳成(cheng)(cheng)績(ji)為1000米(mi)(mi)1分(fen)(fen)37秒8;1600米(mi)(mi)是(shi)2分(fen)(fen)54秒1;3200米(mi)(mi)是(shi)6分(fen)(fen)11秒。用一匹騸(shan)(shan)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)拉膠(jiao)輪大車，載重1.6噸(dun)，日(ri)行(xing)30公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里;成(cheng)(cheng)年騸(shan)(shan)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)負重80公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)左(zuo)右(you)，日(ri)行(xing)70~75公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里。焉耆母馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)泌(mi)乳性(xing)能(neng)也很好(hao)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)產乳4.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin).公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)屠宰率達(da)46%，木(mu)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)屠宰率在(zai)(zai)43.94%。母馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一般在(zai)(zai)3歲(sui)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)在(zai)(zai)3~4歲(sui)開始(shi)配種，妊(ren)娠(shen)期327~412天。(本文結(jie)束)