新疆畜及畜產品特產-哈薩克馬

　　哈薩克馬

　　(本站(zhan)編輯8tdc.com.cn)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)克(ke)馬(ma)(ma)是(shi)歷史悠久的地(di)(di)方馬(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)，產于天山(shan)北坡、準(zhun)噶爾西(xi)部(bu)山(shan)地(di)(di)和(he)(he)阿(a)勒泰山(shan)西(xi)段一(yi)帶，其中心產區(qu)在伊犁哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)克(ke)自(zi)治州個(ge)直(zhi)屬縣市。哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)克(ke)馬(ma)(ma)總數(shu)約為50萬(wan)余(yu)匹。產區(qu)氣(qi)候濕潤，年降(jiang)水量93.7~512.5毫米(mi)，1月份(fen)氣(qi)溫零下22，5℃~9.3℃。7月份(fen)氣(qi)溫在14.4℃~25.5℃。產區(qu)草場以山(shan)地(di)(di)草場為主，牧(mu)草豐富，為哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)克(ke)馬(ma)(ma)的品種(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)創造了有(you)(you)利條件。哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)克(ke)馬(ma)(ma)的形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)曾受到蒙古馬(ma)(ma)和(he)(he)中亞(ya)某(mou)些馬(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)的影響，經過數(shu)百年的培(pei)育和(he)(he)風土馴化。今日(ri)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)克(ke)馬(ma)(ma)已形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)具有(you)(you)一(yi)定品種(zhong)(zhong)特(te)征和(he)(he)特(te)性的，有(you)(you)別于蒙古馬(ma)(ma)和(he)(he)其他(ta)中亞(ya)馬(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)的地(di)(di)方馬(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)。

　　哈薩(sa)(sa)克(ke)馬(ma)骨(gu)骼粗壯(zhuang)，皮(pi)厚毛密，鬃、鬣、尾(wei)毛濃(nong)密，體(ti)(ti)形較粗重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。外貌勻(yun)稱，有良(liang)好的兼用(yong)(yong)型結構。成年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)體(ti)(ti)高平均在。4米左(zuo)右(you)(you)。體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在389公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)右(you)(you);母(mu)馬(ma)體(ti)(ti)高在1.33米左(zuo)右(you)(you)，體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在338公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)右(you)(you)。長期以來，哈薩(sa)(sa)克(ke)馬(ma)是當地(di)農耕和運輸(shu)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要役畜，也(ye)是牧區(qu)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要交通工具。據測驗，哈薩(sa)(sa)克(ke)騸馬(ma)單匹馱重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)159公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，行程(cheng)(山路)16.75公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里，達2小時(shi)15分;雙套(tao)馬(ma)槽子車(che)載重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1噸，每(mei)日工作8小時(shi)，可行50~60公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里;速度也(ye)很快，1000米，騸馬(ma)用(yong)(yong)了1分17秒16;耐久(jiu)力也(ye)不錯，100公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里用(yong)(yong)了7小時(shi)14分33秒。哈薩(sa)(sa)克(ke)馬(ma)屠(tu)宰率(lv)達54%，日擠乳量2.91公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤。馬(ma)駒3歲開始配種，妊娠(shen)期346天左(zuo)右(you)(you)，繁殖成活率(lv)達63.16%(本文結束(shu))